Scotland was an independent kingdom in its own right from the 840s AD until 1707, when it merged with the Kingdom of England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which in turn merged with the Kingdom of Ireland in 1801 to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which in turn split in 1922, with Scotland remaining with the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which has existed since. The country was part of the republic commonwealth between 1651 and 1660. The country became a de facto independent again in 1715, and between 1745 and 1746, when the Jacobite forces conquered most of the country in the name of the pretender James VIII, who during those brief times was de facto King of Scotland.
This list only covers monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland – those prior to 1707, and those during the Jacobite uprisings.
The country was called the Kingdom of the Picts until the 890s. The Scottish monarch was thus titled the King of the Picts until the 890s, and the King of Scotland (or Queen of Scotland when a woman) from then until the merger into Great Britain. The monarchs often also used the title King of Scots (or Queen of Scots) from the 1000s.
843 – 13 February 858
858 – 13 April 862
House of Alpin
Brother of Kenneth I
862-877
House of Alpin
Son of Kenneth I, nephew of Donald I
877-878
House of Alpin
Son of Kenneth I, brother of Constantine I
878 – 889
878-889 (uncertain)
Grandson of Kenneth I, nephew of Constantine I and Áed
889 – 900
House of Alpin
Son of Constantine I, first cousin of Eochaid
900 – 943
House of Alpin
Son of Áed, first cousin of Donald II
943 – 954
House of Alpin
Son of Donald II, first cousin once removed of Constantine II
954 – 962
House of Alpin
Son of Constantine II, second cousin of Malcolm I
962 – 967
House of Alpin
Son of Malcolm I, second cousin once removed of Indulf
967 – 971
House of Alpin
Son of Indulf, third cousin of Dub
971 – either 976 or 977
House of Alpin
Son of Indulf, brother of Cuilén
971 – 995
House of Alpin
Son of Malcolm I, third cousin of Cuilén and Amlaíb
995 – 997
House of Alpin
Son of Cuilén, third cousin once removed of Kenneth II
997 – c.25 March 1005
House of Alpin
Son of Dub, fourth cousin of Constantine III
c.25 March 1005 – 25 November 1034
House of Alpin
Son of Kenneth II, first cousin of Kenneth III
1034 – 1040
Grandson of Malcolm II
1040 – 1057
Grandson-in-law of either Kenneth II or Kenneth III, possible grandson of Malcolm II, possible first cousin of Duncan I
15 August 1057 – 17 March 1058
House of Moray
Stepson of Macbeth, great-grandson of either Kenneth II or Kenneth III
1058 – 13 November 1093
House of Dunkeld
Son of Duncan I, possible second cousin once removed of Lulach
1093 – May 1094
House of Dunkeld
Son of Duncan I, brother of Malcolm III
1094
House of Dunkeld
Son of Malcolm III, nephew of Donald III
12 November 1094 – 1097
House of Dunkeld
Son of Duncan I, uncle of Duncan II
1097 – 1107
House of Dunkeld
Son of Malcolm III, nephew of Donald III
1107 – 1124
House of Dunkeld
Son of Malcolm III, brother of Edgar
Either April or May 1124 – 24 May 1153
House of Dunkeld
Son of Malcolm III, brother of Edgar and Alexander I
24 May 1153 – 9 December 1165
House of Dunkeld
Grandson of David I
9 December 1165 – 4 December 1214
House of Dunkeld
Grandson of David I, brother of Malcolm IV
4 December 1214 – 6 July 1249
House of Dunkeld
Son of William I
6 July 1249 – 19 March 1286
House of Dunkeld
Son of Alexander II
1286 – either 26 or 29 September 1290
Granddaughter of Alexander III
17 November 1292 – 10 July 1296
Great-great-great-grandson of David I, third cousin of Margaret
25 March 1306 – 7 June 1329
Great-great-great-great-grandson of David I, second cousin once removed of John
7 June 1329 – 11 August 1332
House of Bruce
Son of Robert I
24 September – 16 December 1332
House of Balliol
Son of John, third cousin once removed of David II
16 December 1332 – 20 July 1333
House of Bruce
Son of Robert I, third cousin once removed of Edward I
20 July 1333 – 1334
House of Balliol
Son of John, third cousin once removed of David II
1334 – 22 February 1371
House of Bruce
Son of Robert I, third cousin once removed of Edward I
22 February 1371 – 19 April 1390
Grandson of Robert I, nephew of David II
19 April 1390 – 4 April 1406
House of Stewart
Son of Robert II
4 April 1406 – 21 February 1437
House of Stewart
Son of Robert III
21 February 1437 – 3 August 1460
House of Stewart
Son of James I
3 August 1460 – 11 June 1488
House of Stewart
Son of James II
11 June 1488 – 9 September 1513
House of Stewart
Son of James III
9 September 1513 – 14 December 1542
House of Stewart
Son of James IV
14 December 1542 – 24 July 1567
Daughter of James V
24 July 1567 – 27 March 1625
House of Stuart
Son of Mary I
27 March 1625 – 30 January 1649
House of Stuart
Son of James VI
30 January 1649 – 3 September 1651
8 May 1660 – 6 February 1685
House of Stuart
Son of Charles I
6 February 1685 – 11 April 1689
House of Stuart
Son of Charles I, brother of Charles II
11 April 1689 – 28 December 1694
House of Stuart
Daughter of James VII
11 April 1689 – 8 March 1702
Grandson of Charles I, nephew and son-in-law of James VII, husband and first cousin of Mary II
8 March 1702 – 1 May 1707
House of Stuart
Daughter of James VII, first cousin and sister-in-law of William II
October 1715
18 September 1745 – 16 April 1746
House of Stuart
Son of James VII, half-brother of Mary II and Anne
Sources:
J-M's History Corner 
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